Universal Quantum Viscosity in a Unitary Fermi Gas

Details Universal Quantum Viscosity in a Unitary Fermi Gas Universal Quantum Viscosity in a Unitary Fermi Gas

2010-07-15

arxiv.org/abs/1007.2625v2

Science 331:58,2011

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

13 pages, 3 figures

Scientific paper

10.1126/science.1195219

A Fermi gas of atoms with resonant interactions is predicted to obey universal hydrodynamics, where the shear viscosity and other transport coefficients are universal functions of the density and temperature. At low temperatures, the viscosity has a universal quantum scale $\hbar n$ where $n$ is the density, while at high temperatures the natural scale is $p_T^3/\hbar^2$ where $p_T$ is the thermal momentum. We employ breathing mode damping to measure the shear viscosity at low temperature. At high temperature $T$, we employ anisotropic expansion of the cloud to find the viscosity, which exhibits precise $T^{3/2}$ scaling. In both experiments, universal hydrodynamic equations including friction and heating are used to extract the viscosity. We estimate the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density and compare to that of a perfect fluid.

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