Physics – Condensed Matter – Statistical Mechanics
Scientific paper
2006-07-05
Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 090402 (2007)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Statistical Mechanics
4 pages, 4 figures
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.090402
We have experimentally investigated the formation of off-diagonal long-range order in a gas of ultracold atoms. A magnetically trapped atomic cloud prepared in a highly nonequilibrium state thermalizes and thereby crosses the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition. The evolution of phase coherence between different regions of the sample is constantly monitored and information on the spatial first-order correlation function is obtained. We observe the growth of the spatial coherence and the formation of long-range order in real time and compare it to the growth of the atomic density. Moreover, we study the evolution of the momentum distribution during the nonequilibrium formation of the condensate.
Bourdel Thomas
Donner Tobias
Esslinger Tilman
Köhl Michael
Öttl Anton
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