Global Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD): Temperature Measurements

Physics

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0300 Atmospheric Composition And Structure, 0355 Thermosphere: Composition And Chemistry, 0358 Thermosphere: Energy Deposition (3369), 0480 Remote Sensing, 3360 Remote Sensing

Scientific paper

The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission of opportunity is an ultraviolet imaging spectrograph that will fly on a geostationary satellite to measure densities and temperatures in the thermosphere and ionosphere. From this vantage point, GOLD will observe emissions from an entire hemisphere (disk) and the horizon (limb) of the Earth. Atmospheric temperatures can be determined from both. Such temperature measurements are essential to answering a vital science question: What is the response of the thermosphere to geomagnetic and solar forcing? The altitude profile of the N2 LBH emission on the Earth's limb will be used to determine the temperature of the atmosphere in the 150 to 300 km range using the scale height of the emission. The GOLD instrument is designed to make this measurement with an altitude resolution of 25 km. The sensitivity of the instrument and observations at tangent altitudes of 150-300 km are adequate to deduce the exospheric temperature with an accuracy of ±50 K. The measurement sequence allows limb profiles to be made every hour over the latitude range from 45S to 45N. On the disk, temperatures near 150 km (± 30 km) are measured using high spectral resolution observations of the N2 emissions. Previous work with data from the ARGOS satellite and modeling of the observations from GOLD indicate the temperatures on the disk can be determined to ±30 K (±15 K) on time scales of half (two) hour(s). Thus, GOLD provides adequate temporal and spatial resolution to answer one of the most important science questions regarding the space environment.

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