Characteristics of and constraints on a secondary interstellar neutral stream

Physics

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It has been recently proposed based on myriad data from IMAGE, ACE, ISEE-3, Wind, and SOHO that there may exist a secondary stream of neutral atoms entering the heliosphere from somewhere between 262 and 292 degrees ecliptic longitude, 10-40 degrees from the nominal upstream direction. Constraints may be placed on secondary stream properties using various data sets. For example, based on SOHO/SWAN data, rough estimates place an upper limit on the secondary stream density, assuming a bulk velocity of between 0 and 200 km/s, of about 0.001 cm{}-3. However, the presence of a strong suprathermal tail on the neutral population can yield high neutral fluxes of the order of 2x10{}^5/cm{}^2/s in spite of the low density. The presence of wave activity at 1 AU observed by ISEE-3 and Wind, as well as wave activity at 5 AU observed by Ulysses, may be related to this secondary stream as it "piles-up" around the hydrogen parabolic exclusion boundary near 1 AU, which will be present provided the force due to radiation pressure exceeds that due to gravity. Finally, we will examine various ideas about the origin of the secondary stream including asymmetries induced by the presence of a tilted interstellar magnetic field as well as possible charge exchange of the hot, 10{}^6 K, local bubble gas with the dense gas of our local cloud which may be observable due to the heliosphere's proximity to the edge of the local interstellar cloud in the direction of the Galactic center.

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