Observing the Formation of Long-range Order during Bose-Einstein Condensation

Details Observing the Formation of Long-range Order during Bose-Einstein Condensation Observing the Formation of Long-range Order during Bose-Einstein Condensation

2006-07-05

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0607102v3

Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 090402 (2007)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Statistical Mechanics

4 pages, 4 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.090402

We have experimentally investigated the formation of off-diagonal long-range order in a gas of ultracold atoms. A magnetically trapped atomic cloud prepared in a highly nonequilibrium state thermalizes and thereby crosses the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition. The evolution of phase coherence between different regions of the sample is constantly monitored and information on the spatial first-order correlation function is obtained. We observe the growth of the spatial coherence and the formation of long-range order in real time and compare it to the growth of the atomic density. Moreover, we study the evolution of the momentum distribution during the nonequilibrium formation of the condensate.

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