Physics – Condensed Matter – Superconductivity
Scientific paper
Sep 1975
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1975rpph...38.1049s&link_type=abstract
Reports on Progress in Physics, vol. 38, Sept. 1975, p. 1049-1097.
Physics
Condensed Matter
Superconductivity
239
Phase Transformations, Superconductivity, Thermodynamic Properties, Transition Temperature, Electrical Resistivity, Flux Quantization, Mean Free Path, Specific Heat, Superconductors, Thermodynamic Equilibrium, Time Dependence
Scientific paper
The effects of thermodynamic fluctuations near superconducting phase transitions are reviewed. Above the transition temperature, fluctuations towards the superconducting state lead to the appearance of excess conductivity, diamagnetism, specific heat, and tunneling currents. Below the transition temperature, fluctuations towards the normal state lead to the appearance of resistance in thin wires and the breakdown of fluxoid quantization in small rings. These effects are generally small, but they can be measured experimentally, particularly in superconducting samples of reduced dimensionality (on the scale of the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length), such as thin films, whisker crystals, and powders. In this review, these phenomena are explained using Ginzburg-Landau theory (the salient features of which are developed concurrently). The current status of theoretical and experimental studies of these effects is surveyed.
Skocpol W. J.
Tinkham Michael
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