Quantum thermodynamics at the critical points during melting and solidification processes

Details Quantum thermodynamics at the critical points during melting and solidification processes Quantum thermodynamics at the critical points during melting and solidification processes

2011-05-30

arxiv.org/abs/1105.5862v5

Physics

Condensed Matter

Strongly Correlated Electrons

Revised. 25 pages, 4 figs and 2 tables

Scientific paper

Phase transitions are ubiquitous, exist in all fields of science in one form or another. The most common example in condensed matter physics is the Landau thermal phase transition, which is from a liquid to a solid phase or vice versa. Here, we systematically explore and develop unequivocal theoretical strategies, going beyond the total-energy minimization techniques to understand what constitutes the thermal phase transition. We prove the existence of finite-temperature continuous quantum phase transitions (CTQPT) during solidi?cation and melting processes such that CTQPT is responsible for all first-order thermal phase transitions. In fact, this CTQPT is actually related to the qualitative discussion given by Sachdev, whom is the first to point out the existence of a QPT in ice for different pressures at the freezing point. To extract the quantitative information related to CTQPT, we use the ionization energy theory to derive the electronic-excitation and atomic-disorder (or symmetry-breaking) entropies. Subsequently, we exploit the energy level spacing renormalization group method to renormalize (i) the Bose-Einstein distribution and (ii) the specific heat capacity. We also conclude that the proofs developed herein can lead us to the unification of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics.

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