Nonequilibrium Mesoscopic Conductors Driven by Reservoirs

Details Nonequilibrium Mesoscopic Conductors Driven by Reservoirs Nonequilibrium Mesoscopic Conductors Driven by Reservoirs

1999-11-22

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9911333v1

Low-Dimensional Systems (ed. T. Brandes, Springer 2000) pp. 3-22

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

14 pages, 4 figures Proc. 219th Int. WEH Workshop in Hamburg, Germany, 1999

Scientific paper

In order to specify a nonequilibrium steady state of a quantum wire (QWR), one must connect reservoirs to it. Since reservoirs should be large 2d or 3d systems, the total system is a large and inhomogeneous 2d or 3d system, in which e-e interactions have the same strength in all regions. However, most theories of interacting electrons in QWR considered simplified 1d models, in which reservoirs are absent or replaced with noninteracting 1d leads. We first discuss fundamental problems of such theories in view of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. We then present formulations which are free from such difficulties, and discuss what is going on in mesoscopic systems in nonequilibrium steady state. In particular, we point out important roles of energy corrections and non-mechanical forces, which are induced by a finite current.

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