Topological insulators and superconductors

Details Topological insulators and superconductors Topological insulators and superconductors

2010-08-12

arxiv.org/abs/1008.2026v1

Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 1057-1110 (2011)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

55 pages, 44 figures, Review article commissioned by the Review of Modern Physics. Please help us to improve the article by em

Scientific paper

10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1057

Topological insulators are new states of quantum matter which can not be adiabatically connected to conventional insulators and semiconductors. They are characterized by a full insulating gap in the bulk and gapless edge or surface states which are protected by time-reversal symmetry. These topological materials have been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed in a variety of systems, including HgTe quantum wells, BiSb alloys, and Bi$_2$Te$_3$ and Bi$_2$Se$_3$ crystals. We review theoretical models, materials properties and experimental results on two-dimensional and three-dimensional topological insulators, and discuss both the topological band theory and the topological field theory. Topological superconductors have a full pairing gap in the bulk and gapless surface states consisting of Majorana fermions. We review the theory of topological superconductors in close analogy to the theory of topological insulators.

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