Rotons in interacting ultracold Bose gases

Details Rotons in interacting ultracold Bose gases Rotons in interacting ultracold Bose gases

2011-08-26

arxiv.org/abs/1108.5230v1

Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 140401 (2011)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

5 pages, 6 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.140401

In three dimensions, non-interacting bosons undergo Bose-Einstein condensation at a critical temperature, $T_{c}$, which is slightly shifted by $\Delta T_{\mathrm{c}}$, if the particles interact. We calculate the excitation spectrum of interacting Bose-systems, \sup{4}He and \sup{87}Rb, and show that a roton minimum emerges in the spectrum above a threshold value of the gas parameter. We provide a general theoretical argument for why the roton minimum and the maximal upward critical temperature shift are related. We also suggest two experimental avenues to observe rotons in condensates. These results, based upon a Path-Integral Monte-Carlo approach, provide a microscopic explanation of the shift in the critical temperature and also show that a roton minimum does emerge in the excitation spectrum of particles with a structureless, short-range, two-body interaction.

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