Dynamical Phase Transitions and Instabilities in Open Atomic Many-Body Systems

Details Dynamical Phase Transitions and Instabilities in Open Atomic Many-Body Systems Dynamical Phase Transitions and Instabilities in Open Atomic Many-Body Systems

2010-03-10

arxiv.org/abs/1003.2071v2

Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 015702 (2010)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

4+ pages, 3 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.015702

We discuss an open driven-dissipative many-body system, in which the competition of unitary Hamiltonian and dissipative Liouvillian dynamics leads to a nonequilibrium phase transition. It shares features of a quantum phase transition in that it is interaction driven, and of a classical phase transition, in that the ordered phase is continuously connected to a thermal state. Within a generalized Gutzwiller approach which includes the description of mixed state density matrices, we characterize the complete phase diagram and the critical behavior at the phase transition approached as a function of time. We find a novel fluctuation induced dynamical instability, which occurs at long wavelength as a consequence of a subtle dissipative renormalization effect on the speed of sound.

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