The ontology of temperature in nonequilibrium systems

Details The ontology of temperature in nonequilibrium systems The ontology of temperature in nonequilibrium systems

2007-05-05

arxiv.org/abs/0705.0745v1

Physics

Condensed Matter

Statistical Mechanics

J.Chem.Phys. (in press); 23 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

Scientific paper

10.1063/1.2743032

The laws of thermodynamics provide a clear concept of the temperature for an equilibrium system in the continuum limit. Meanwhile, the equipartition theorem allows one to make a connection between the ensemble average of the kinetic energy and the uniform temperature. When a system or its environment is far from equilibrium, however, such an association does not necessarily apply. In small systems, the regression hypothesis may not even apply. Herein, we show that in small nonequilibrium systems, the regression hypothesis still holds though with a generalized definition of the temperature. The latter must now be defined for each such manifestation.

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