Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem in Nonequilibrium Steady States

Details Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem in Nonequilibrium Steady States Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem in Nonequilibrium Steady States

2009-07-31

arxiv.org/abs/0907.5478v2

EPL 89, 10007 (2010)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Statistical Mechanics

6 pages; EPL, in press

Scientific paper

10.1209/0295-5075/89/10007

In equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) expresses the response of an observable to a small perturbation by a correlation function of this variable with another one that is conjugate to the perturbation with respect to \emph{energy}. For a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS), the corresponding FDT is shown to involve in the correlation function a variable that is conjugate with respect to \emph{entropy}. By splitting up entropy production into one of the system and one of the medium, it is shown that for systems with a genuine equilibrium state the FDT of the NESS differs from its equilibrium form by an additive term involving \emph{total} entropy production. A related variant of the FDT not requiring explicit knowledge of the stationary state is particularly useful for coupled Langevin systems. The \emph{a priori} surprising freedom apparently involved in different forms of the FDT in a NESS is clarified.

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