Spontaneous Magnetization of the O(3) Ferromagnet at Low Temperatures

Details Spontaneous Magnetization of the O(3) Ferromagnet at Low Temperatures Spontaneous Magnetization of the O(3) Ferromagnet at Low Temperatures

2001-06-24

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0106492v1

Phys.Rev.B65:094430,2002

Physics

Condensed Matter

23 pages, 4 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevB.65.094430

We investigate the low-temperature behavior of ferromagnets with a spontaneously broken symmetry O(3) $\to$ O(2). The analysis is performed within the perspective of nonrelativistic effective Lagrangians, where the dynamics of the system is formulated in terms of Goldstone bosons. Unlike in a Lorentz-invariant framework (chiral perturbation theory), where loop graphs are suppressed by two powers of momentum, loops involving ferromagnetic spin waves are suppressed by three momentum powers. The leading coefficients of the low-temperature expansion for the partition function are calculated up to order $p^{10}$. In agreement with Dyson's pioneering microscopic analysis of the cubic ferromagnet, we find that, in the spontaneous magnetization, the magnon-magnon interaction starts manifesting itself only at order $T^4$. The striking difference with respect to the low-temperature properties of the O(3) antiferromagnet is discussed from a unified point of view, relying on the effective Lagrangian technique.

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