Physics – Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
1995-11-10
J.Phys. A29 (1996) L75-L79
Physics
Condensed Matter
6 pages in RevTeX 3.0, this version to be published in J.Phys.A
Scientific paper
10.1088/0305-4470/29/4/003
We consider a quantum system with $N$ degrees of freedom which is classically chaotic. When $N$ is large, and both $\hbar$ and the quantum energy uncertainty $\Delta E$ are small, quantum chaos theory can be used to demonstrate the following results: (1) given a generic observable $A$, the infinite time average $\overline A$ of the quantum expectation value $$ is independent of all aspects of the initial state other than the total energy, and equal to an appropriate thermal average of $A$; (2) the time variations of $ - \overline A$ are too small to represent thermal fluctuations; (3) however, the time variations of $ - ^2$ can be consistently interpreted as thermal fluctuations, even though these same time variations would be called quantum fluctuations when $N$ is small.
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