From the superfluid to the Mott regime and back: triggering a non-trivial dynamics in an array of coupled condensates

Details From the superfluid to the Mott regime and back: triggering a non-trivial dynamics in an array of coupled condensates From the superfluid to the Mott regime and back: triggering a non-trivial dynamics in an array of coupled condensates

2004-03-09

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0403236v1

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37 (2004) S195-S203

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

10 pages, 4 figures, to appear on Journal of Physics B (Special Issue: Levico BEC workshop). Publication status updated

Scientific paper

10.1088/0953-4075/37/7/065

We consider a system formed by an array of Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a harmonic potential with a superimposed periodic optical potential. Starting from the boson field Hamiltonian, appropriate to describe dilute gas of bosonic atoms, we reformulate the system dynamics within the Bose-Hubbard model picture. Then we analyse the effective dynamics of the system when the optical potential depth is suddenly varied according to a procedure applied in many of the recent experiments on superfluid-Mott transition in Bose-Einstein condensates. Initially the condensates' array generated in a weak optical potential is assumed to be in the superfluid ground-state which is well described in terms of coherent states. At a given time, the optical potential depth is suddenly increased and, after a waiting time, it is quickly decreased so that the initial depth is restored. We compute the system-state evolution and show that the potential jump brings on an excitation of the system, incorporated in the final condensate wave functions, whose effects are analysed in terms of two-site correlation functions and of on-site population oscillations. Also we show how a too long waiting time can destroy completely the coherence of the final state making it unobservable.

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