Properties of hypernovae: SNe 1997ef, 1998bw, and 1997cy

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Supernovae, Jets And Bursts, Galactic Winds And Fountains, Magnitudes And Colors, Luminosities

Scientific paper

We discuss the properties of the very energetic Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic) 1998bw and 1997ef and Type IIn supernova (SN IIn) 1997cy. SNe Ic 1998bw and 1997ef are characterized by their large luminosity and the very broad spectral features. Their observed properties can be explained if they are very energetic SN explosions (EK>~1×1052 erg), originating probably from the core collapse of the bare C+O cores of massive stars (~30-40 Msolar). At late times, the light curve suggests that the explosion may have been asymmetric; this may help us understand the claimed connection with GRB's. SN IIn 1997cy is even more luminous than SN Ic 1998bw and the light curve declines more slowly than the 56Co decay. We model such a light curve with circumstellar interaction, which requires an explosion energy of ~5×1052 erg. Because these kinetic energies of explosion are much larger than in normal core-collapse SNe, we call objects like these SNe ``hypernovae.'' .

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