Physics – Classical Physics
Scientific paper
2007-04-12
Physics
Classical Physics
39 pages, 6 figures. v2 has 2 new figures, improved text, typos corrected and updated references
Scientific paper
Retarded electromagnetic potentials are derived from Maxwell's equations and the Lorenz condition. The difference found between these potentials and the conventional Li\'{e}nard-Wiechert ones is explained by neglect, for the latter, of the motion-dependence of the effective charge density. The corresponding retarded fields of a point-like charge in both uniform and accelerated motion are compared with those given by the formulae of Heaviside, Feynman, Jefimenko and other authors. Contrary to claims in the pedagogical literature, the fields of an accelerated charge given by the Feynman or Jefimenko formulae, or derived from the Li\'{e}nard-Wiechert potentials are all different from each other as well as from those presented in the present paper. A mathematical error concerning partial space and time derivatives in the derivation of the Jefimenko equations is pointed out.
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