Collective excitation frequencies and vortices of a Bose-Einstein condensed state with gravity-like interatomic attraction

Details Collective excitation frequencies and vortices of a Bose-Einstein condensed state with gravity-like interatomic attraction Collective excitation frequencies and vortices of a Bose-Einstein condensed state with gravity-like interatomic attraction

2001-04-19

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0104370v3

Physical Review A 65, 053616 (2002).

Physics

Condensed Matter

9 pages, 4 figures, version to appear in Physical Review A

Scientific paper

We study the collective excitations of a neutral atomic Bose-Einstein condensate with gravity-like $1/r $ interatomic attraction induced by electromagnetic wave. Using the time-dependent variational approach, we derive an analytical spectrum for monopole and quadrupole mode frequencies of a gravity-like self-bound Bose condensed state at zero temperature. We also analyze the excitation frequencies of the Thomas-Fermi-gravity (TF-G) and gravity (G) regimes. Our result agrees excellently with that of Giovanazzi {\em et al}. [Europhysics Letters, {\bf 56}, 1 (2001)], which is obtained within the sum-rule approach. We also consider the vortex state. We estimate the superfluid coherence length and the critical angular frequencies to create a vortex around the $ z $-axis. We find that the TF-G regime can exhibit the superfluid properties more prominently than the G-regime. We find that the monopole mode frequency of the condensate decreases due to the presence of a vortex.

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