Towards single-electron metrology

Details Towards single-electron metrology Towards single-electron metrology

1999-08-16

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9908219v1

Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 13, 2651-2687 (1999)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

39 pages, 14 figures. Review paper to be published in International Journal of Modern Physics B

Scientific paper

We review the status of the understanding of single-electron transport (SET) devices with respect to their applicability in metrology. Their envisioned role as the basis of a high-precision electrical standard is outlined and is discussed in the context of other standards. The operation principles of single electron transistors, turnstiles and pumps are explained and the fundamental limits of these devices are discussed in detail. We describe the various physical mechanisms that influence the device uncertainty and review the analytical and numerical methods needed to calculate the intrinsic uncertainty and to optimise the fabrication and operation parameters. Recent experimental results are evaluated and compared with theoretical predictions. Although there are discrepancies between theory and experiments, the intrinsic uncertainty is already small enough to start preparing for the first SET-based metrological applications.

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