Physics – Condensed Matter – Quantum Gases
Scientific paper
2009-04-20
Nature Physics 5, 431 (2009)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Quantum Gases
Minor changes
Scientific paper
10.1038/nphys1277
Mean-field methods are a very powerful tool for investigating weakly interacting many-body systems in many branches of physics. In particular, they describe with excellent accuracy trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. A generic, but difficult question concerns the relation between the symmetry properties of the true many-body state and its mean-field approximation. Here, we address this question by considering, theoretically, vortex nucleation in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. A slow sweep of the rotation frequency changes the state of the system from being at rest to the one containing one vortex. Within the mean-field framework, the jump in symmetry occurs through a turbulent phase around a certain critical frequency. The exact many-body ground state at the critical frequency exhibits strong correlations and entanglement. We believe that this constitutes a paradigm example of symmetry breaking in - or change of the order parameter of - quantum many-body systems in the course of adiabatic evolution.
Barberan Nuria
Dagnino D.
Dalibard Jean
Lewenstein Maciej
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