Vortex core structure and global properties of rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates

Details Vortex core structure and global properties of rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates Vortex core structure and global properties of rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates

2003-08-16

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0308325v1

Phys.Rev.A69:043619,2004

Physics

Condensed Matter

Soft Condensed Matter

11 pages in LateX, 3 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevA.69.043619

We develop an approach for calculating stationary states of rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in harmonic traps which is applicable for arbitrary ratios of the rotation frequency to the transverse frequency of the trap $\omega_{\perp}$. Assuming the number of vortices to be large, we write the condensate wave function as the product of a function that describes the structure of individual vortices times an envelope function, varying slowly on the scale of the vortex spacing. By minimizing the energy, we derive Gross-Pitaevskii equations that determine the properties of individual vortices and the global structure of the cloud. For low rotation rates, the structure of a vortex is that of an isolated vortex in a uniform medium, while for rotation rates approaching the frequency of the trap (the mean field quantum Hall regime), the structure is that of the lowest p-wave state of a particle in a harmonic trap with frequency $\omega_{\perp}$. The global structure of the cloud is determined by minimizing the energy with respect to variations of the envelope function; for conditions appropriate to most experimental investigations to date, we predict that the transverse density profile of the cloud will be of the Thomas-Fermi form, rather than the Gaussian structure predicted on the assumption that the wave function consists only of components in the lowest Landau level.

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