Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Scientific paper
2011-06-28
Nature Nano. 6, 33-38 (2011)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
28 pages, including 4 main figures and 10 supplemental figures
Scientific paper
10.1038/nnano.2010.240
Understanding and controlling the flow of heat is a major challenge in nanoelectronics. When a junction is driven out of equilibrium by light or the flow of electric charge, the vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom are, in general, no longer described by a single temperature[1-6]. Moreover, characterizing the steady-state vibrational and electronic distributions {\it in situ} is extremely challenging. Here we show that surface-enhanced Raman emission may be used to determine the effective temperatures for both the vibrational modes and the flowing electrons in a biased metallic nanoscale junction decorated with molecules[7]. Molecular vibrations show mode-specific pumping by both optical excitation[8] and dc current[9], with effective temperatures exceeding several hundred Kelvin. AntiStokes electronic Raman emission\cite[10,11] indicates electronic effective temperature also increases to as much as three times its no-current values at bias voltages of a few hundred mV. While the precise effective temperatures are model-dependent, the trends as a function of bias conditions are robust, and allow direct comparisons with theories of nanoscale heating.
Corley David A.
Natelson Douglas
Tour James M.
Ward Daniel R.
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