Universal four-component Fermi gas in one dimension

Details Universal four-component Fermi gas in one dimension Universal four-component Fermi gas in one dimension

2009-08-15

arxiv.org/abs/0908.2159v3

Phys.Rev.A82:043606,2010

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

9 pages, 3 figures; (v2) Efimov effect for 5 bosons in 1D is discussed; (v3) expanded version

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevA.82.043606

A four-component Fermi gas in one dimension with a short-range four-body interaction is shown to exhibit a one-dimensional analog of the BCS-BEC crossover. Its low-energy physics is governed by a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid with three spin gaps. The spin gaps are exponentially small in the weak coupling (BCS) limit where they arise from the charge-density-wave instability, and become large in the strong coupling (BEC) limit because of the formation of tightly-bound tetramers. We investigate the ground-state energy, the sound velocity, and the gap spectrum in the BCS-BEC crossover and discuss exact relationships valid in our system. We also show that a one-dimensional analog of the Efimov effect occurs for five bosons while it is absent for fermions. Our work opens up a very rich new field of universal few-body and many-body physics in one dimension.

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