Unfolding the Sulcus

Details Unfolding the Sulcus Unfolding the Sulcus

2010-08-04

arxiv.org/abs/1008.0694v3

Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 105702 (2011)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Soft Condensed Matter

Main text with supporting appendix. Revised to agree with published version. New result in the Supplementary Information

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.105702

Sulci are localized furrows on the surface of soft materials that form by a compression-induced instability. We unfold this instability by breaking its natural scale and translation invariance, and compute a limiting bifurcation diagram for sulcfication showing that it is a scale-free, sub-critical {\em nonlinear} instability. In contrast with classical nucleation, sulcification is {\em continuous}, occurs in purely elastic continua and is structurally stable in the limit of vanishing surface energy. During loading, a sulcus nucleates at a point with an upper critical strain and an essential singularity in the linearized spectrum. On unloading, it quasi-statically shrinks to a point with a lower critical strain, explained by breaking of scale symmetry. At intermediate strains the system is linearly stable but nonlinearly unstable with {\em no} energy barrier. Simple experiments confirm the existence of these two critical strains.

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