Ultra-Strong coupling of the cyclotron transition of a two-dimensional electron gas in a THz metamaterial

Details Ultra-Strong coupling of the cyclotron transition of a two-dimensional electron gas in a THz metamaterial Ultra-Strong coupling of the cyclotron transition of a two-dimensional electron gas in a THz metamaterial

2011-11-10

arxiv.org/abs/1111.2486v1

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

Scientific paper

Artificial cavity photon resonators with ultrastrong light-matter interactions are attracting a remarkable interest both in semiconductor and superconducting systems, thanks to the possibility of manipulating the cavity quantum electrodynamic (QED) ground state with rich and controllable physical properties. We report here experiments showing ultrastrong light-matter coupling in a terahertz (THz) metamaterial where the magnetic cyclotron transition of a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is coupled to the photonic modes of an array of electronic split-ring resonators. We observe a normalized coupling ratio $\frac{\Omega}{\omega_c}=0.36$ between the vacuum Rabi frequency $\Omega$ and the cyclotron frequency $\omega_c$. We find good agreement with theoretical predictions, showing in particular that $\frac{\Omega}{\omega_c} \sim \sqrt{\alpha n_{QW} \nu}$, where $\alpha \simeq 1/137$ is the fine structure constant, $n_{QW}$ is the number of quantum wells (up to 4 in our samples) and $\nu$ is the filling factor of the Landau levels of the 2DEG ($\nu \simeq 8$ at resonance in our experiment). Our system not only provides the highest-value of the normalized vacuum Rabi coupling reported so far, but appears to be scalable in frequency and could be brought to the microwave spectral range with $\frac{\Omega}{\omega_c} \gg 1$ and with the fascinating potential of strongly controlling even the magnetotransport properties of an high-mobility 2DEG.

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