Typicality for Generalized Microcanonical Ensembles

Details Typicality for Generalized Microcanonical Ensembles Typicality for Generalized Microcanonical Ensembles

2007-10-23

arxiv.org/abs/0710.4214v1

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160404 (2007)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Statistical Mechanics

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.160404

For a macroscopic, isolated quantum system in an unknown pure state, the expectation value of any given observable is shown to hardly deviate from the ensemble average with extremely high probability under generic equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. Special care is devoted to the uncontrollable microscopic details of the system state. For a subsystem weakly coupled to a large heat bath, the canonical ensemble is recovered under much more general and realistic assumptions than those implicit in the usual microcanonical description of the composite system at equilibrium.

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