Physics – Fluid Dynamics
Scientific paper
2006-06-20
Physics
Fluid Dynamics
41 pages, 25 figures, submitted to Journal of Fluid Mechanics (but not in JFM style), short version of the abstract
Scientific paper
10.1017/S0022112007006830
We investigate the two-dimensional flow of a liquid foam around circular obstacles by measuring all the local fields necessary to describe this flow: velocity, pressure, bubble deformations and rearrangements. We show how our experimental setup, a quasi-2D "liquid pool" system, is adapted to the determination of these fields: the velocity and bubble deformations are easy to measure from 2D movies, and the pressure can be measured by exploiting a specific feature of this system, a 2D effective compressibility. To describe accurately bubble rearrangements, we propose a new, tensorial descriptor. All these quantities are evaluated via an averaging procedure that we justify showing that the fluctuations of the fields are essentially random. The flow is extensively studied in a reference experimental case; the velocity presents an overshoot in the wake of the obstacle, the pressure is maximum at the leading side and minimal at the trailing side. The study of the elastic deformations and of the velocity gradients shows that the transition between plug flow and yielded regions is smooth. Our tensorial description of T1s highlight their correlation both with the bubble deformations and the velocity gradients. A salient feature of the flow, notably on the velocity and T1 repartition, is a marked asymmetry upstream/downstream, signature of the elastic behaviour of the foam. We show that the results do not change qualitatively when various control parameters vary, identifying a robust quasistatic regime. These results are discussed in the frame of the actual foam rheology literature, and we argue that they constitute a severe test for existing rheological models, since they capture both the elastic, plastic and fluid behaviour of the foam.
Dollet Benjamin
Graner Francois
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