Physics – Condensed Matter – Other Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
2007-04-30
2007 Nanotechnology 18 424020 (10pp)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Other Condensed Matter
37 pages (including refs), 8 figures
Scientific paper
10.1088/0957-4484/18/42/424020
Electromechanical coupling is ubiquitous in biological systems with examples ranging from simple piezoelectricity in calcified and connective tissues to voltage-gated ion channels, energy storage in mitochondria, and electromechanical activity in cardiac myocytes and outer hair cell stereocilia. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) has originally emerged as a technique to study electromechanical phenomena in ferroelectric materials, and in recent years, has been employed to study a broad range of non-ferroelectric polar materials, including piezoelectric biomaterials. At the same time, the technique has been extended from ambient to liquid imaging on model ferroelectric systems. Here, we present results on local electromechanical probing of several model cellular and biomolecular systems, including insulin and lysozyme amyloid fibrils, breast adenocarcinoma cells, and bacteriorhodopsin in a liquid environment. The specific features of SPM operation in liquid are delineated and bottlenecks on the route towards nanometer-resolution electromechanical imaging of biological systems are identified.
Hohlbauch Sophia
Jesse Stephen
Kalinin Sergei V.
Proksch Roger
Revenko Irene
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