Physics – Fluid Dynamics
Scientific paper
Nov 2001
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001aps..dfd.dj003l&link_type=abstract
American Physical Society, 54th Annual Meeting of the Division of Fluid Dynamics November 18 - 20, 2001 San Diego, California Me
Physics
Fluid Dynamics
Scientific paper
Spilling breakers in the presence of an ambient surfactant, Triton X-100, are studied experimentally. Five different spilling breakers with various wave frequencies and amplitudes were generated mechanically in a tank that is 14.8 m long, 1.2 m wide and 1.0 m deep. For each wave, the evolution of the wave crest profile was measured with a photographic technique that employs fluorescent dye, a laser light sheet and a high-speed digital camera. The dynamical properties of the water surface including surface tension, surface viscosity and surface dilatational elasticity were monitored with an in-situ longitudinal wave propagation device. With a relatively clean water surface, the breaking process is dominated by surface tension and begins with the formation of a round bulge and capillary waves at the wave crest. In the presence of Triton X-100, the bulge is flat and the geometric size of the bulge decreases as the bulk concentration of Triton X-100 increases. As the concentration of Triton X-100 approaches the critical micelle concentration, a small plunging jet is formed at the wave crest. The size of the jet varies with the frequency of the breaking waves.
Duncan James H.
Kelley Joseph S.
Korenowski Gerald M.
Liu Xinan
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