The geoeffectiveness of a short (1 hr) spike of extreme southward IMF on 24 August 2005: Superstorm or not?

Physics

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2407 Auroral Ionosphere (2704), 2730 Magnetosphere: Inner, 2744 Magnetotail, 2788 Magnetic Storms And Substorms (7954)

Scientific paper

A solar wind disruption from AR 10798 carried to Earth a short-lived (~1 hour duration) southward IMF, which dipped to Bz~-60 nT on 24 August 2005. Such strong southward fields are capable of producing superstorm activity and, in fact, IMF Bz of this same strength but longer duration produced the 20 November 2003 superstorm with minimum provisional Dst of -472 nT. On 24 Aug 2005, a strong storm was triggered with minimum provisional Dst reaching only -216 nT. However, preliminary AL values reached an extraordinary -4000 nT, Kp saturated at 9, and estimated hemispheric power from NOAA POES reached a remarkable 1258.5 GW. Ground-based magnetometer data and satellite observations are used to construct an observational picture of the global system response. For example, IMAGE FUV observations clearly indicate a substorm onset near the large southward turning of the IMF. Thus, the -60 nT IMF Bz, and the associated magnetospheric convection and ring current build-up, occurs during the expansion phase of the substorm. The nightside equatorward auroral boundary remains above 70 degrees MLAT for most of the event, while the dawn and dusk auroral activity move to below 60 degrees MLAT and the dayside auroral oval continually expands. MHD and kinetic modeling are used to investigate how the duration of strong Bz south affects the ring current strength by comparing the 24 Aug 2005 and 20 Nov 2003 magnetic storm intervals. Simplified tests of the magnetospheric response to various IMF spikes and preconditioning states are also performed.

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