Spatial and temporal characteristics of individual Dst variations

Physics

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F Region, Ionospheric Disturbances, Magnetic Storms, Spherical Harmonics, Diurnal Variations, Spatial Distribution, Tesseral Harmonics

Scientific paper

Spherical harmonic analysis was carried out for three geomagnetic storms: the storm 8. VII 1958, which was very large with rapidly changing magnetic elements, the large recurrent storm 4-7. XII, and the large storm 28. VI to 2. VII. Two variants of harmonic analysis were performed: (1) taking only zonal harmonics in the expansion, and (2) including both zonal and tesseral harmonics. Four fundamental zonal harmonics determining the main latitudinal changes of the field of Dst variations were stably and reliably extracted. Additional harmonics describing the longitudinal asymmetry of the field were also obtained. Synthesis of the field of Dst variations according to spherical harmonic analysis data enabled investigation of (1) an approximation of the field of Dst variations by a spherical series, (2) the change of outer and inner parts of the Dst variations, and (3) the instantaneous spatial structure of the Dst variations and its change over storm time.

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