Physics – Condensed Matter – Materials Science
Scientific paper
2010-09-09
Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 202901 (2009)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Materials Science
Scientific paper
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) was used to investigate the ferroelectric properties of sol-gel derived LiNbO$_3$ nanoparticles. To determine the degree of ferroelectricity we took large-area images and performed statistical image-analysis. The ferroelectric behavior of single nanoparticles was verified by poling experiments using the PFM tip. Finally we carried out simultaneous measurements of the in-plane and the out-of-plane piezoresponse of the nanoparticles, followed by measurements of the same area after rotation of the sample by 90$^{\circ}$ and 180$^{\circ}$. Such measurements basically allow to determine the direction of polarization of every single particle.
Hoffmann Achim
Johann Florian
Jungk Tobias
Lisinski S.
Ratke Lorenz
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