Self-induced density modulations in the free expansion of Bose-Einstein condensates

Details Self-induced density modulations in the free expansion of Bose-Einstein condensates Self-induced density modulations in the free expansion of Bose-Einstein condensates

2007-01-17

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0701411v1

Phys. Rev. A 75, 043616 (2007)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Other Condensed Matter

4 pages, 4 figures

Scientific paper

We simulate numerically the free expansion of a repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate with an initially Gaussian density profile. We find a self-similar expansion only for weak inter-atomic repulsion. In contrast, for strong repulsion we observe the spontaneous formation of a shock wave at the surface followed by a significant depletion inside the cloud. In the expansion, contrary to the case of a classical viscous gas, the quantum fluid can generate radial rarefaction density waves with several minima and maxima. These intriguing nonlinear effects, never observed yet in free-expansion experiments with ultra-cold alkali-metal atoms, can be detected with the available setups.

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