Searching for Majorana Fermions in 2D Spin-orbit Coupled Fermi Superfluids at Finite Temperature

Details Searching for Majorana Fermions in 2D Spin-orbit Coupled Fermi Superfluids at Finite Temperature Searching for Majorana Fermions in 2D Spin-orbit Coupled Fermi Superfluids at Finite Temperature

2012-01-11

arxiv.org/abs/1201.2238v2

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

5 pages, 3 figures, major modification

Scientific paper

Recent experimental breakthrough in realizing spin-orbit (SO) coupling for cold atoms has spurred considerable interest in the physics of 2D SO coupled Fermi superfluids, especially topological Majorana fermions (MFs) which were predicted to exist at zero temperature. However, it is well known that long-range superfluid order is destroyed in 2D by the phase fluctuation at finite temperature and the relevant physics is the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition. In this Letter, we examine finite temperature effects on SO coupled Fermi gases and show that finite temperature is indeed necessary and currently experimentally accessible for the observation of MFs. MFs are topologically protected by a quasiparticle energy gap which is found to be much larger than the temperature. The parameter region for observing MFs is also obtained.

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