Revealing Unconventional Properties of a Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate from Collective Dipole Oscillation

Details Revealing Unconventional Properties of a Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate from Collective Dipole Oscillation Revealing Unconventional Properties of a Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate from Collective Dipole Oscillation

2012-01-29

arxiv.org/abs/1201.6018v1

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

15 pages, 5 figures, 0 table

Scientific paper

Interaction between matter field and gauge field plays a fundamental role in many areas of physics. Recently, a non-abelian gauge field has been successfully synthesized in laboratory for ultracold neutral bosonic atoms, yielding the coupling between the pseudo-spin of an atom and its orbital motion. This new superfluid has many unconventional properties remaining to be explored. Here we study the collective oscillation of a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic trap. We find that the frequency of dipole oscillation deviates from the harmonic trap frequency and depends on the oscillation amplitude. Such an unharmonic behavior reveals the non-abelain character of the gauge field. We also observe that a magnetization oscillation is induced by the dipole motion, as a manifestation of the absence of the Galilean invariance of this system. We develop a variational wave-function method that well describes the dipole oscillation, except in the regime with two degenerate single-particle energy minima separated by a low barrier. In this regime, since the harmonic trapping potential plays an analogous role as kinetic energy in a real-space double-well potential, macroscopic quantum tunneling in momentum space is observed in the dipole oscillation.

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