Physics – Condensed Matter – Quantum Gases
Scientific paper
2011-10-14
Science 335, 563-567 (2012)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Quantum Gases
11 pages, 8 figures
Scientific paper
10.1126/science.1214987
We have observed the superfluid phase transition in a strongly interacting Fermi gas via high-precision measurements of the local compressibility, density and pressure down to near-zero entropy. Our data completely determine the universal thermodynamics of strongly interacting fermions without any fit or external thermometer. The onset of superfluidity is observed in the compressibility, the chemical potential, the entropy, and the heat capacity. In particular, the heat capacity displays a characteristic lambda-like feature at the critical temperature of $T_c/T_F = 0.167(13)$. This is the first clear thermodynamic signature of the superfluid transition in a spin-balanced atomic Fermi gas. Our measurements provide a benchmark for many-body theories on strongly interacting fermions, relevant for problems ranging from high-temperature superconductivity to the equation of state of neutron stars.
Cheuk Lawrence W.
Ku Mark J. H.
Sommer Ariel T.
Zwierlein Martin W.
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