Revealing common artifacts due to ferromagnetic inclusions in highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite

Details Revealing common artifacts due to ferromagnetic inclusions in highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite Revealing common artifacts due to ferromagnetic inclusions in highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite

2012-01-30

arxiv.org/abs/1201.6374v1

EPL, 97 (2012) 47001

Physics

Condensed Matter

Materials Science

8 pages, 7 figures

Scientific paper

10.1209/0295-5075/97/47001

We report on an extensive investigation to figure out the origin of room-temperature ferromagnetism that is commonly observed by SQUID magnetometry in highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Electron backscattering and X-ray microanalysis revealed the presence of micron-size magnetic clusters (predominantly Fe) that are rare and would be difficult to detect without careful search in a scanning electron microscope in the backscattering mode. The clusters pin to crystal boundaries and their quantities match the amplitude of typical ferromagnetic signals. No ferromagnetic response is detected in samples where we could not find such magnetic inclusions. Our experiments show that the frequently reported ferromagnetism in pristine HOPG is most likely to originate from contamination with Fe-rich inclusions introduced presumably during crystal growth.

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