Residual attractive force between superparamagnetic nanoparticles

Details Residual attractive force between superparamagnetic nanoparticles Residual attractive force between superparamagnetic nanoparticles

2009-02-20

arxiv.org/abs/0902.3684v1

Physics

Condensed Matter

Other Condensed Matter

21 pp

Scientific paper

A superparamagnetic nanoparticle (SPN) is a nanometre-sized piece of a material that would, in bulk, be a permanent magnet. In the SPN the individual atomic spins are aligned via Pauli effects into a single giant moment that has easy orientations set by shape or magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Above a size-dependent blocking temperature $T_{b}(V,\tau_{obs})$, thermal fluctuations destroy the average moment by flipping the giant spin between easy orientations at a rate that is rapid on the scale of the observation time $\tau_{obs}$. We show that, depite the vanising of the average moment, two SPNs experience a net attractive force of magnetic origin, analogous to the van der Waals force between molecules that lack a permanent electric dipole. This could be relevant for ferrofluids, for the clumping of SPNs used for drug delivery, and for ultra-dense magnetic recording media.

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