Representative statistical ensembles for Bose systems with broken gauge symmetry

Details Representative statistical ensembles for Bose systems with broken gauge symmetry Representative statistical ensembles for Bose systems with broken gauge symmetry

2008-01-21

arxiv.org/abs/0801.3168v1

Ann. Phys. 323 (2008) 461-499

Physics

Condensed Matter

Statistical Mechanics

43 pages, Latex file

Scientific paper

10.1016/j.aop.2007.05.003

Bose-condensed systems with broken global gauge symmetry are considered. The description of these systems, as has been shown by Hohenberg and Martin, possesses an internal inconsistency, resulting in either nonconserving theories or yielding an unphysical gap in the spectrum. The general notion of representative statistical ensembles is formulated for arbitrary statistical systems, equilibrium or not. The principal idea of this notion is the necessity of taking into account all imposed conditions that uniquely define the given statistical system. Employing such a representative ensemble for Bose-condensed systems removes all paradoxes, yielding a completely self-consistent theory, both conserving and gapless in any approximation. This is illustrated for an equilibrium uniform Bose system.

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