Relationships between the rate of change of phase path /Doppler shift/ and angle of arrival

Physics

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Atmospheric Refraction, Doppler Effect, Ionospheric Propagation, Phase Shift, Radio Echoes, Ray Tracing, Radio Waves, Reflectors, Refractivity, Signal Measurement, Wave Reflection

Scientific paper

The ray theory expression for the time rate of change of phase path for a ray passing through a time-varying refractive medium from a moving transmitter to a moving receiver is applied to rays reflected in the ionosphere. As the reflection point approaches the level where the refractive index is zero, the contribution to the rate of change of phase path (Doppler shift) due to the velocity of the reflection point approaches zero. Thus for rays reflected back to the transmitter the rate of change of phase path is essentially caused by the time changes in the refractive index of the medium along the ray path. Measurements of dP/dt and angle of arrival on two frequencies will indicate whether or not the time changes of the medium are due purely to bulk motions of the refractive index contours.

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