Rapid rotation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic plus quartic trap

Details Rapid rotation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic plus quartic trap Rapid rotation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic plus quartic trap

2004-07-06

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0407119v1

Physics

Condensed Matter

Statistical Mechanics

14 pages, 5 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevA.71.013605

A two-dimensional rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensate in an anharmonic trap with quadratic and quartic radial confinement is studied analytically with the Thomas-Fermi approximation and numerically with the full time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The quartic trap potential allows the rotation speed $\Omega$ to exceed the radial harmonic frequency $\omega_\perp$. In the regime $\Omega \gtrsim \omega_\perp$, the condensate contains a dense vortex array (approximated as solid-body rotation for the analytical studies). At a critical angular velocity $\Omega_h$, a central hole appears in the condensate. Numerical studies confirm the predicted value of $\Omega_h$, even for interaction parameters that are not in the Thomas-Fermi limit. The behavior is also investigated at larger angular velocities, where the system is expected to undergo a transition to a giant vortex (with pure irrotational flow).

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