Quantum Phase Transition in an Antiferromagnetic Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate

Details Quantum Phase Transition in an Antiferromagnetic Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate Quantum Phase Transition in an Antiferromagnetic Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate

2011-09-05

arxiv.org/abs/1109.1012v1

PRL 107 (19) 195306 (2011)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.195306

We have experimentally observed the dynamics of an antiferromagnetic sodium Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) quenched through a quantum phase transition. Using an off-resonant microwave field coupling the F = 1 and F = 2 atomic hyperfine levels, we rapidly switched the quadratic energy shift q from positive to negative values. At q = 0 the system undergoes a transition from a polar to antiferromagnetic phase. We measured the dynamical evolution of the population in the F = 1, m_F = 0 state in the vicinity of this transition point and observed a mixed state of all 3 hyperfine components for q < 0. We also observed the coarsening dynamics of the instability for q<0, as it nucleated small domains that grew to the axial size of the cloud.

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