Physics – Condensed Matter – Quantum Gases
Scientific paper
2009-12-18
Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 180401 (2010)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Quantum Gases
5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.180401
We perform a quantitative simulation of the repulsive Fermi-Hubbard model using an ultracold gas trapped in an optical lattice. The entropy of the system is determined by comparing accurate measurements of the equilibrium double occupancy with theoretical calculations over a wide range of parameters. We demonstrate the applicability of both high-temperature series and dynamical mean-field theory to obtain quantitative agreement with the experimental data. The reliability of the entropy determination is confirmed by a comprehensive analysis of all systematic errors. In the center of the Mott insulating cloud we obtain an entropy per atom as low as 0.77kB which is about twice as large as the entropy at the Neel transition. The corresponding temperature depends on the atom number and for small fillings reaches values on the order of the tunneling energy.
Burovski Evgeni
Esslinger Tilman
Georges Antoine
Greif Daniel
Jördens Robert
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