Physics – Condensed Matter – Statistical Mechanics
Scientific paper
2003-04-16
JCAP 0308 (2003) 003
Physics
Condensed Matter
Statistical Mechanics
16 pages. v2: clarifications and references added
Scientific paper
10.1088/1475-7516/2003/08/003
Relativistic scalar field theories with a conserved global charge Q possess often (meta)stable spherically symmetric soliton solutions, called Q-balls. We elaborate on the perfect formal analogy which exists between Q-balls, and spherically symmetric solitons in certain non-relativistic atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, for which the dominant interatomic interaction can be tuned attractive. In a harmonic trap, present in existing experiments, the Q-ball solution is modified in an essential way. If the trap is significantly prolongated in one direction, however, then genuine solitons do appear, and actual experimental data can be obtained for some of the Q-ball properties studied numerically in the relativistic cosmological context, such as their formation and collisions. We also suggest conditions under which the same cosmologically relevant analogies could be extended to the fully three-dimensional case.
Enqvist Kari
Laine Mikko
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