Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Scientific paper
2011-02-07
PNAS vol. 108, no. 46, pp.18622-18625 (2011)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
13 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information available upon request
Scientific paper
10.1073/pnas.1114548108
In graphene, the pseudospin and the valley flavor arise as new types of quantum degrees of freedom due to the honeycomb lattice comprising two sublattices (A and B) and two inequivalent Dirac points (K and K') in the Brillouin zone, respectively. Unique electronic properties of graphene result in striking phenomena such as Klein tunnelling, Veselago lens, and valley-polarized currents. Here, we investigate the roles of the pseudospin and the valley in electron scattering at graphene edges and show that they are strongly correlated with charge density modulations of short-wavelength oscillations and slowly-decaying beat patterns. Theoretical analyses using nearest-neighbor tight-binding methods and first-principles density-functional theory calculations agree well with our experimental data from the scanning tunneling microscopy. We believe that this study will lead to useful application of graphene to "valleytronics" and "pseudospintronics".
Dujardin Gerald
Ihm Jisoon
Kim Gunn
Kuk Young
Mayne Andrew J.
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