Propagation effect on interferometer

Physics

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Atmospheric Effects, Instrument Errors, Interferometers, Ionospheric Propagation, Tropospheric Waves, Very Long Base Interferometry, Atmospheric Refraction, Phase Error, Screen Effect, Statistical Distributions

Scientific paper

Propagation effects for interferometers of various baseline lengths are discussed in view of atmospheric refraction, the effects of secondary waves, and the screen effect between antennas located at each terminal of the baseline. Tropospheric and ionospheric horizontal inhomogeneities are respectively the main causes of maximum relative excess path differences for shorter and longer baselines. Depending on the accuracy of atmospheric measurement and the statistical distribution of the maximum horizontal gradient of atmospheric inhomogeneity, the minimum spatial coherence scales are 10 km for the troposphere and 400 km for the ionosphere. It is accordingly unreasonable to correct the atmospheric refraction by using an atmospheric model with poor accuracy, for interferometers with baselines shorter than 10 km.

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