Phases of a 2D Bose Gas in an Optical Lattice

Details Phases of a 2D Bose Gas in an Optical Lattice Phases of a 2D Bose Gas in an Optical Lattice

2010-03-08

arxiv.org/abs/1003.1541v1

Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 110401 (2010)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

5 pages, 4 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.110401

Ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices realize simple, fundamental models in condensed matter physics. Our 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate is confined in a harmonic trapping potential to which we add an optical lattice potential. Here we realize the 2D Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian and focus on the effects of the harmonic trap, not present in bulk condensed matter systems. By measuring condensate fraction we identify the transition from superfluid to Mott insulator as a function of atom density and lattice depth. Our results are in excellent agreement with the quantum Monte Carlo universal state diagram, suitable for trapped systems, introduced by Rigol et al. (Phys. Rev. A 79, 053605 (2009)).

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