Phase Transitions in Soft Matter Induced by Selective Solvation

Details Phase Transitions in Soft Matter Induced by Selective Solvation Phase Transitions in Soft Matter Induced by Selective Solvation

2011-05-30

arxiv.org/abs/1105.5867v1

Physics

Condensed Matter

Soft Condensed Matter

20 pages, 13 figures

Scientific paper

We review our recent studies on selective solvation effects in phase separation in polar binary mixtures with a small amount of solutes. Such hydrophilic or hydrophobic particles are preferentially attracted to one of the solvent components. We discuss the role of antagonistic salt composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ions, which undergo microphase separation at water-oil interfaces leading to mesophases. We then discuss phase separation induced by a strong selective solvent above a critical solute density np, which occurs far from the solvent coexistence curve. We also give theories of ionic surfactant systems and weakly ionized polyelectrolytes including solvation among charged particles and polar molecules. We point out that the Gibbs formula for the surface tension needs to include an electrostatic contribution in the presence of an electric double layer.

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