Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Scientific paper
2007-03-02
Physics
Condensed Matter
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
15 pages, 4 figures
Scientific paper
10.1126/science.1144359
We experimentally investigate electrical transport properties of graphene, which is a two dimensional (2D) conductor with relativistic energy dispersion relation. By investigating single- and bi-layer graphene devices with different aspect ratios, we confirm experimentally that the minimum conductivity in wide and short graphene strips approaches the theoretical value of 4e^2/\pi\h. At low temperatures, quantum interference of multiply-reflected waves of electrons and holes in graphene give rise to periodic conductance oscillations with bias and gate voltages. Thus graphene acts as a quantum billiard, a 2D ballistic, phase coherent electron system with long phase coherence length that exceeds 5 microns. Additional features in differential conductance emerge when graphene is coupled to superconducting electrodes. We observe proximity-induced enhanced conductance at low bias, and conductance dips at energy scales far above the superconducting gap of the electrodes. The latter provides preliminary evidence for a novel superconducting material that consists of graphene coated with metallic atoms.
Coskun U.
Lau* Chun Ning
Miao Feng
Wijeratne S.
Zhang Yajing
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